How to File for Unemployment: A Complete Guide (2025)

If you've been laid off, filing for unemployment benefits should be one of your first priorities. This guide explains how unemployment works, whether you're eligible, and how to file in your state.

What Are Unemployment Benefits?

Unemployment insurance (UI) provides temporary income to workers who lose their jobs through no fault of their own. It's funded by employer taxes, and you've earned the right to claim it.

Key facts:

• Benefits are administered by each state
• You must have worked and earned enough wages to qualify
• Benefits typically last 26 weeks (varies by state)
• You can file immediately after losing your job

Are You Eligible?

Most laid-off workers qualify, but eligibility requirements vary by state. Generally, you must:

✅ You Likely Qualify If:

• You were laid off due to lack of work
• Your position was eliminated
• Your company downsized or closed
• You were let go for reasons other than misconduct
• You worked a minimum amount of time (usually 12-18 months)
• You earned a minimum amount (varies by state)

❌ You May NOT Qualify If:

• You quit voluntarily (some exceptions exist)
• You were fired for serious misconduct
• You're self-employed (but check for pandemic-era programs)
• You didn't work enough or earn enough in your "base period"
• You're not able and available to work

What About Severance?

In most states, you can collect unemployment even if you're receiving severance. However, some states may delay or reduce benefits. Check your state's specific rules.

How Much Will You Receive?

Unemployment benefits are a percentage of your previous earnings, up to a maximum amount.

Typical ranges:

• Benefits: 40-60% of your previous weekly wage
• Maximum weekly benefit: $200-$900+ depending on state
• Duration: Usually 26 weeks (some states offer more or less)

Example: If you earned $80,000/year ($1,538/week) in California:

• California replaces ~60-70% of wages
• Maximum benefit: $450/week (2024)
• You'd likely receive: $450/week

Use your state's unemployment calculator for a specific estimate.

How to File: Step by Step

Step 1: Gather Your Information

Before you start, have ready:

Personal information:

• Social Security number
• Driver's license or state ID
• Current address
• Phone number and email

Employment information:

• Last employer's name and address
• Employer's phone number or federal EIN (if known)
• Your dates of employment
• Reason for separation (e.g., "layoff" or "reduction in force")
• Your gross earnings

Banking information (for direct deposit):

• Bank name
• Routing number
• Account number

Step 2: File Online

Every state has an online filing system. It's the fastest method.

To find your state's system:

1. Google "[Your State] unemployment file online"
2. Look for a .gov website (official government site)
3. Or visit the Department of Labor's list: CareerOneStop.org

Filing typically takes 20-45 minutes.

Step 3: Complete Weekly Certifications

After your initial claim is approved, you must:

• Certify weekly (or bi-weekly) that you're still unemployed
• Report any income you earned
• Confirm you're actively searching for work
• Document your job search activities

Miss a certification? You may lose benefits for that week.

Step 4: Keep Records

Maintain documentation of:

• Your job search activities (applications, interviews, networking)
• Any correspondence with the unemployment office
• Earnings if you do any work
• Certifications you've submitted

Common Questions

When should I file?

Immediately. Most states have a one-week waiting period before benefits begin. The sooner you file, the sooner you'll receive payment.

Can I file if I got severance?

In most states, yes. Severance is often not considered "wages" for unemployment purposes. However, some states may delay benefits. File anyway—the worst that happens is a short delay.

How long does approval take?

• Simple cases: 2-3 weeks
• Cases requiring investigation: 4-8 weeks
• If your former employer contests: Could be longer

What if my employer contests my claim?

You'll have the opportunity to appeal. Keep documentation of:

• Your termination letter
• Any communications about the layoff
• Evidence that it was a layoff, not a termination for cause

Can I work part-time and collect unemployment?

Yes, but your benefits will be reduced based on your earnings. There's usually an amount you can earn before benefits are affected.

What if I move to another state?

File in the state where you worked, not where you currently live.

Tips for a Smooth Process

1. File immediately — Don't wait
2. Be accurate — Errors cause delays
3. Use "layoff" or "reduction in force" — Not "fired" or "terminated"
4. Check your email — The unemployment office will communicate electronically
5. Don't miss certifications — Set calendar reminders
6. Appeal if denied — Many initial denials are overturned on appeal

What to Do While Waiting

The unemployment office may take time to process your claim. In the meantime:

• Create an emergency budget
• Review your health insurance options
• Start updating your resume
• Begin networking

State-Specific Resources

Unemployment rules vary significantly by state. Select your state for specific information:

• California: EDD.ca.gov
• Texas: TWC.texas.gov
• New York: Labor.ny.gov
• Florida: FloridaJobs.org
• Illinois: IDES.illinois.gov

More state guides coming soon.

Key Takeaways

1. File for unemployment immediately — There's a waiting period
2. You likely qualify if you were laid off — Don't assume you don't
3. Severance usually doesn't disqualify you — File anyway
4. Complete weekly certifications — Or you won't get paid
5. Keep records — Document everything

Related Resources:

• What to Do When You Get Laid Off →
• First 24 Hours Checklist →
• Emergency Budget Planning →